Nucifraga caryocatactes (Linnaeus, 1758) · orešnica perlavá · Northern Nutcracker

Distribution

It inhabits coniferous and mixed forests of Europe and northern Asia. In Slovakia it is a regular resident breeder, chiefly in central and eastern mountain regions. Autumn movements follow ripening seeds into valleys. In some years large irregular movements also bring northern and Siberian birds; these arrivals must be distinguished from routine local wandering.

Habitat

It favours wooded mountain landscapes with spruce and other conifers, meadow openings and clearings. Feeding also takes it to low-elevation hazels and Swiss pines near the treeline. Loud harsh calls reveal birds even in dense crowns.

Breeding

It nests relatively early in spring in a conifer near the trunk, building a sturdy structure with insulating lining. A typical clutch contains 3–5 eggs. Parents feed the young, which may accompany them long after fledging.

Food

Conifer seeds and hazelnuts are important foods. Insects, other animal prey and fruits are also taken, according to local availability and tree species.

Interesting fact

Seeds are carried to caches. Unrecovered stores may germinate, helping disperse trees including Swiss pine. A good memory also allows the bird to return to food when fresh supplies are limited.

Sources: Slovak Wikipedia · English Wikipedia · BTO BirdFacts